Thermolysis

Thermolysis is a physicochemical process of decomposition of hydrocarbon-containing raw materials under thermal influence without catalysts in an oxygen-free environment. As a result of thermolysis (destruction of raw materials and simultaneous synthesis of gases with their subsequent condensation), useful gas, liquid and solid products are obtained: a combustible multicomponent mixture of gases (synthesis gas), a dry carbonaceous residue with a high calorific value, a liquid mixture of hydrocarbons, torrefied product (biofuel) .

Our technology uses low-temperature (450-700°C) thermolysis and mild (250-320°C) thermolysis-torrefaction. At such temperature conditions, the amount of combustible gas is optimal to maintain the technological process, and the amount of dry and liquid products is maximum.

Depending on the composition of the raw material and the assigned tasks at the installation, two technological processing schemes can be implemented:

• low-temperature thermolysis is a technological process with condensation of waste hydrocarbon gas fractions in order to extract liquid commercial products and form a dry carbonaceous residue. This technological scheme is primarily used for processing hydrocarbon-containing raw materials, as well as waste from the extraction and processing of hydrocarbon raw materials.
• torrefaction is a technological process without condensation of gas products of thermolysis, with the production of a solid commercial product of processing (biofuel (Torrefaction). This technological scheme is used for processing organic raw materials, waste from agricultural, chemical and food production, municipal waste, light industry waste, etc. ..

USING THERMOLYSIS PRODUCTS

The dry carbonaceous residue can be used as a solid fuel, for the production of fuel pellets separately and when mixed with peat or sawdust, as a sorbent similar to activated carbon, and also as a filler for composite materials and other products. There is also the possibility of further processing of the dry carbonaceous residue into synthesis gas. The dry carbonaceous residue is used as an inert carrier for receiving liquid waste to a heat treatment unit.

Synthesis gas obtained from thermolysis of raw materials is used to obtain liquid products by condensation into fractions. Non-condensable combustible gases are used in the technological process to maintain the thermal regime of the process. The use of synthesis gas is also possible to obtain thermal energy in boiler plants or to produce electricity in piston or gas turbine generating plants. 

 When thermolysis of hydrocarbon-containing wastes in the process of condensation of waste hydrocarbon fractions, liquid heating oil is obtained, which is a dark oily liquid with a characteristic odor. Liquid heating oil can be used as heating fuel in CHP systems and boiler houses, instead of traditional types of fuel obtained from crude oil, and can also be used for its own needs to maintain the technological process.

Torrefied waste is used mainly as fuel. Torrefaction can be applied to raw materials both before granulation and after the production of solid granules, pellets or briquettes of biomass fuel. The advantages of torreficate are increased specific heat of combustion, increased hydrophobicity of the product, reduced possibility of biological activity in an organic product.